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SUBPART D - TECHNICAL STANDARDS
97.301 Authorized frequency bands.
The following transmitting frequency bands are available to an
amateur station located within 50 km of the Earth's surface, within the
specified ITU Region, and outside any area where the amateur service is
regulated by another country or United States government agency:
(a) For a station having a control operator holding a Technician,
General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra Class operator license:
WAVELENGTH ITU ITU ITU SHARING REQUIREMENTS
BAND REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 (See 97.303, Para.)
VHF MHz MHz MHz
6 m --- 50-54 50-54 (a).
2 m 144-146 144-148 144-148 (a).
1.25 m --- 220-225 --- (a),(b),(e).
UHF MHz MHz MHz
70 cm 430-440 420-450 430-440 (a),(b),(f).
33 cm --- 902-928 --- (a),(b),(g).
23 cm 1240-1300 1240-1300 1240-1300 (j).
13 cm 2300-2310 2300-2310 2300-2310 (a),(b),(j).
do. 2390-2450 2390-2450 2390-2450 (a),(b),(j).
SHF GHz GHz GHz
9 cm --- 3.3-3.5 3.3-3.5 (a),(b),(k),(l).
5 cm 5.650-5.850 5.650-5.925 5.650-5.850 (a),(b),(m).
3 cm 10.00-10.50 10.00-10.50 10.00-10.50 (a),(c),(i),(n).
1.2 cm 24.00-24.25 24.00-24.25 24.00-24.25 (a),(b),(i),(o).
EHF GHz GHz GHz
6 mm 47.0-47.2 47.0-47.2 47.0-47.2
4 mm 75.5-81.0 75.5-81.0 75.5-81.0 (b),(c),(h).
2.5 mm 119.98-120.02 119.98-120.02 119.98-120.02 (k),(p).
2 mm 142-149 142-149 142-149 (b),(c),(h),(k).
1 mm 241-250 241-250 241-250 (b),(c),(h),(q).
--- above 300 above 300 above 300 (k).
(b) For a station having a control operator holding an Amateur
Extra Class control operator license:
WAVELENGTH ITU ITU ITU SHARING REQUIREMENTS
BAND REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 (See 97.303, Para.)
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a),(b),(c).
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.50-3.75 3.50-3.75 3.50-3.75 (a).
75 m 3.75-3.80 3.75-4.00 3.75-3.90 (a).
40 m 7.0-7.1 7.0-7.3 7.0-7.1 (a).
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d).
20 m 14.00-14.35 14.00-14.35 14.00-14.35
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.00-21.45 21.00-21.45 21.00-21.45
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(c) For a station having a control operator holding an Advanced
Class operator license:
WAVELENGTH ITU ITU ITU SHARING REQUIREMENTS
BAND REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 (See 97.303, Para.)
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a),(b),(c).
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 (a).
75 m 3.775-3.800 3.775-4.000 3.775-3.900 (a).
40 m 7.025-7.100 7.025-7.300 7.025-7.100 (a).
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d).
20 m 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150
do. 14.175-14.350 14.175-14.350 14.175-14.350
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200
do. 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(d) For a station having a control operator holding a General Class
operator license:
WAVELENGTH ITU ITU ITU SHARING REQUIREMENTS
BAND REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 (See 97.303, Para.)
MF kHz kHz kHz
160 m 1810-1850 1800-2000 1800-2000 (a),(b),(c).
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 3.525-3.750 (a).
75 m --- 3.85-4.00 --- (a).
40 m 7.025-7.100 7.025-7.100 7.025-7.100 (a).
do. --- 7.225-7.300 --- (a).
30 m 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 10.10-10.15 (d).
20 m 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150 14.025-14.150
do. 14.225-14.350 14.225-14.350 14.225-14.350
17 m 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168 18.068-18.168
15 m 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200 21.025-21.200
do. 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45 21.30-21.45
12 m 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99 24.89-24.99
10 m 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7 28.0-29.7
(e) For a station having a control operator holding a Technician
or Novice Class operator license:
WAVELENGTH ITU ITU ITU SHARING REQUIREMENTS
BAND REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 (See 97.303, Para.)
HF MHz MHz MHz
80 m 3.70-3.75 3.70-3.75 3.70-3.75 (a).
40 m 7.050-7.075 7.10-7.15 7.050-7.075 (a).
15 m 21.10-21.20 21.10-21.20 21.10-21.20
10 m 28.1-28.5 28.1-28.5 28.1-28.5
(f) For a station having a control operator holding a Novice Class
operator license:
WAVELENGTH ITU ITU ITU SHARING REQUIREMENTS
BAND REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 (See 97.303, Para.)
VHF MHz MHz MHz
1.25 m --- 222.10-223.91 --- (a),(b),(e).
UHF MHz MHz MHz
23 cm 1270-1295 1270-1295 1270-1295 (i).
97.303 Frequency sharing requirements.
The following is a summary of the frequency sharing requirements
that apply to amateur station transmissions on the frequency bands
specified in Section 97.301 of this Part. (For each ITU Region, each
frequency band allocated to the amateur service is designated as either
a secondary service or a primary service. A station in a secondary
service must not cause harmful interference to, and must accept
interference from, stations in a primary service. See Sections 2.105
and 2.106 of the FCC Rules, "United States Table of Frequency
Allocations" for complete requirements.) (* Because of their great
length, 2.105 & 2.106 are not included in the references here. The
following sharing requirements are sufficient for amateur reference.)
(a) Where, in adjacent ITU Regions or Subregions, a band of
frequencies is allocated to different services of the same category, the
basic principle is the equality of right to operate. The stations of
each service in one region must operate so as not to cause harmful
interference to services in the other Regions or Subregions. (See ITU
"Radio Regulations," No. 346 (Geneva, 1979).)
(b) No amateur station transmitting in the 1900-2000 kHz segment,
the 1.25 m band, the 70 cm band, the 33 cm band, the 13 cm band, the 9
cm band, the 5 cm band, the 3 cm band, the 24.05-24.24 GHz segment, the
76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149 GHz segment and the 241-248 GHz segment
shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of, the Government radiolocation service.
(c) No amateur station transmitting in the 1900-2000 kHz segment,
the 3 cm band, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149 GHz segment and the
241-248 GHz segment shall cause harmful interference to, nor is
protected from interference due to the operation of, stations in the
non-Government radiolocation service.
(d) No amateur station transmitting in the 30 meter band shall
cause harmful interference to stations authorized by other nations in
the fixed service. The licensee of the amateur station must make all
necessary adjustments, including termination of transmissions, if
harmful interference is caused.
(e) The 1.25 m band is allocated to the amateur, fixed and mobile
services in the United States on a co-primary basis. The basic
principle that applies is the equality of right to operate. Amateur,
fixed and mobile stations must operate so as not to cause harmful
interference to each other.
(f) In the 70 cm band:
(1) No amateur station shall transmit north of Line A in the
420-430 MHz segment.
(2) The 420-430 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur
service in the United States on a secondary basis, and is allocated in
the fixed and mobile (except aeronautical mobile) services in the
International Table of allocations on a primary basis. No amateur
station transmitting in this band shall cause harmful interference to,
nor is protected from interference due to the operation of, stations
authorized by other nations in the fixed and mobile (except aeronautical
mobile) services.
(3) The 430-440 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur
service on a secondary basis in ITU Regions 2 and 3. No amateur station
in this band in ITU Regions 2 and 3 shall cause harmful interference to,
nor is protected from interference due to the operation of, stations
authorized by other nations in the radiolocation service. In ITU Region
1, the 430-440 MHz segment is allocated to the amateur service on a
co-primary basis with the radiolocation service. As between these two
services in this band in ITU Region 1, the basic principle that applies
is the equality of right to operate. Amateur stations authorized by the
United States and radiolocation stations authorized by other nations in
ITU Region 1 shall operate so as not to cause harmful interference to
each other.
(4) No amateur station transmitting in the 449.5-450 MHz
segment shall cause interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of stations in, the space operation service and the
space research service or Government or non-Government stations for
space telecommand.
(g) In the 33 cm band:
(1) No amateur station shall transmit from within the States
of Colorado and Wyoming, bounded on the south by latitude 39 degrees N.,
on the north by latitude 42 degrees N., on the east by longitude 105
degrees W., and on the west by longitude 108 degrees W. This band is
allocated on a secondary basis to the amateur service subject to not
causing harmful interference to, and not receiving protection from any
interference due to the operation of, industrial, scientific and medical
devices, automatic vehicle monitoring systems or Government stations
authorized in this band.
(2) No amateur station shall transmit from those portions of
the States of Texas and New Mexico bounded on the south by latitude 31
degrees 41 minutes N., on the north by latitude 34 degrees 30 minutes
N., on the east by longitude 104 degrees 11 minutes W., and on the west
by longitude 107 degrees 30 minutes W.
(h) No amateur station transmitting in the 23 cm band, the 3 cm
band, the 24.05-24.25 GHz segment, the 76-81 GHz segment, the 144-149
GHz segment and the 241-248 GHz segment shall cause harmful interference
to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation of, stations
authorized by other nations in the radiolocation service.
(i) In the 1240-1260 MHz segment, no amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations in the radionavigation-satellite service.
(j) In the 13 cm band:
(1) The amateur service is allocated on a secondary basis in
all ITU Regions. In ITU Region 1, no amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, and is not protected from interference due to
the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed
service. In ITU Regions 2 and 3, no station shall cause harmful
interference to, and is not protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed, mobile
and radiolocation services.
(2) In the United States, 2300-2310 MHz segment is allocated
to the amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the Government fixed
and mobile services. In this segment, the fixed and mobile services
must not cause harmful interference to the amateur service. No amateur
station transmitting in the 2400-2450 MHz segment is protected from
interference due to the operation of industrial, scientific and medical
devices on 2450 MHz.
(k) No amateur station transmitting in the 3.332-3.339 GHz and
3.3458-3525 GHz segments, the 2.5 mm band, the 144.68-144.98 GHz,
145.45-145.75 GHz and 146.82-147.12 GHz segments and the 343-348 GHz
segment shall cause harmful interference to stations in the radio
astronomy service. No amateur station transmitting in the 300-302 GHz,
324-326 GHz, 345-347 GHz, 363-365 GHz and 379-381 GHz segments shall
cause harmful interference to stations in the space research service
(passive) or Earth exploration-satellite service (passive).
(l) In the 9 cm band:
(1) In ITU Regions 2 and 3, the band is allocated to the
amateur service on a secondary basis.
(2) In the United States, the band is allocated to the amateur
service on a co-secondary basis with the non-Government radiolocation
service.
(3) In the 3.3-3.4 GHz segment, no amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the radiolocation
service.
(4) In the 3.4-3.5 GHz segment, no amateur station shall cause
harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due to the
operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the fixed and
fixed-satellite service.
(m) In the 5 cm band:
(1) In the 5.650-5.725 GHz segment, the amateur service is
allocated in all ITU Regions on a co-secondary basis with the space
research (deep space) service.
(2) In the 5.725-5.850 GHz segment, the amateur service is
allocated in all ITU Regions on a secondary basis. No amateur station
shall cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference
due to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the
fixed-satellite service in ITU Region 1.
(3) No amateur station transmitting in the 5.725-5.875 GHz
segment is protected from interference due to the operation of
industrial, scientific and medical devices operating on 5.8 GHz.
(4) In the 5.650-5.850 GHz segment, no amateur station shall
cause harmful interference to, nor is protected from interference due
to the operation of, stations authorized by other nations in the
radiolocation service.
(5) In the 5.850-5.925 GHz segment, the amateur service is
allocated in ITU Region 2 on a co-secondary basis with the radiolocation
service. In the United States, the segment is allocated to the amateur
service on a secondary basis to the non-Government fixed-satellite
service. No amateur station shall cause harmful interference to, nor
is protected from interference due to the operation of, stations
authorized by other nations in the fixed, fixed-satellite and mobile
services. No amateur station shall cause harmful interference to, nor
is protected from interference due to the operation of, stations in the
non-Government fixed-satellite service.
(n) In the 3 cm band:
(1) In the United States, the 3 cm band is allocated to the
amateur service on a co-secondary basis with the non-government
radiolocation service.
(2) In the 10.00-10.45 * ("GHz" missing) segment in ITU
Regions 1 and 3, no amateur station shall cause interference to, nor is
protected from interference due to the operation of, stations authorized
by other nations in the fixed and mobile services.
(o) No amateur station transmitting in the 1.2 cm band is protected
from interference due to the operation of industrial, scientific and
medical devices on 24.125 GHz. In the United States, the 24.05-24.25
GHz segment is allocated to the amateur service on a co-secondary basis
with the non-government radiolocation and the Government and
non-government Earth exploration-satellite (active) services.
(p) The 2.5 mm band is allocated to the amateur service on a
secondary basis. No amateur station shall cause harmful interference
to, nor is protected from interference due to the operation of, stations
in the fixed, inter-satellite and mobile services.
(q) No amateur station transmitting in the 244-246 GHz segment of
the 1 mm band is protected from interference due to the operation of
industrial, scientific and medical devices on 245 GHz.
97.305 Authorized emission types.
(a) An amateur station may transmit a CW emission on any frequency
authorized to the control operator.
(b) A station may transmit a test emission on any frequency
authorized to the control operator for brief periods for experimental
purposes, except that no pulse modulation emission may be transmitted
on any frequency where pulse is not specifically authorized.
(c) An amateur station may transmit the following emission types
on the frequencies indicated, subject to the standards specified in
section 97.307(f) of this Part.
WAVELENGTH FREQUENCIES EMISSION TYPES STANDARDS (see
BAND AUTHORIZED 97.307(f), paragraph:)
MF:
160 m Entire band Phone, image, RTTY,
data (1), (2), and (3).
HF:
80 m Entire band RTTY, data (3), (9).
75 m Entire band Phone, image (1), (2).
40 m 7.000-7.075 MHz RTTY, data (c)*, (9).
(*-"c" should be "3"?)
40 m 7.075-7.100 MHz Phone, image (1), (2), (9) and (11).
40 m 7.10-7.15 MHz RTTY, data (1), (9).
40 m 7.15-7.30 MHz Phone, image (1), (2).
30 m Entire band RTTY, data (3).
20 m 14.00-14.15 MHz RTTY, data (3).
20 m 14.15-14.35 MHz Phone, image (1), (2).
17 m 18.068-18.110 MHz RTTY, data (3).
17 m 18.110-18.168 MHz RTTY, data (3).
15 m 21.0-21.2 MHz RTTY, data (3), (9).
15 m 21.20-21.45 MHz Phone, image (1), (2)
12 m 24.89-24.93 MHz RTTY, data (3).
12 m 24.93-24.99 MHz Phone, image (1), (2).
10 m 28.0-28.3 MHz RTTY, data (4).
10 m 28.3-29.5 MHz Phone, image (1), (2), and (10).
10 m 28.5-29.0 MHz Phone, image (1), (2).
10 m 29.0-29.7 MHz Phone, image (1).
VHF:
6 m 50.1-51.0 MHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data (2), (5).
6 m 51.0-54.0 MHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, test (2), (5), and (8).
2 m 144.1-148.0 MHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, test (2), (5), and (8).
1.25 m Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, test (2), (5), and (8).
(*-missing here was "UHF:")
70 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, test (6), (8).
(*-"m" should read "cm" here and through the SHF category.)
33 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, test,
pulse (7), (8), and (12).
23 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test (7), (8), and (12).
13 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
SHF:
9 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
5 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
3 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS, test (7), (8), and (12).
1.2 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
EHF:
6 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
(*-"m" should read "mm" here and through rest of paragraph.)
4 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
2.5 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
2 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
1 m* Entire band MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
--- Above 300 GHz MCW, phone, image,
RTTY, data, SS,
test, pulse (7), (8), and (12).
97.307 Emission standards.
(a) No amateur station transmission shall occupy more bandwidth
than necessary for the information rate and emission type being
transmitted, in accordance with good amateur practice.
(b) Emissions resulting from modulation must be confined to the
band or segment available to the control operator. Emissions outside
the necessary bandwidth must not cause splatter or keyclick interference
to operations on adjacent frequencies.
(c) All spurious emissions from a station transmitter must be
reduced to the greatest extent practicable. If any spurious emission,
including chassis or power line radiation, causes harmful interference
to the reception of another radio station, the licensee of the
interfering station is required to take steps to eliminate the
interference, in accordance with good engineering practice.
(d) The mean power of any spurious emission from a station
transmitter or external RF power amplifier transmitting on a frequency
below 30 MHz must not exceed 50 mW and must be at least 40 dB below the
mean power of the fundamental emission. For a transmitter of mean power
less than 5 W, the attenuation must be at least 30 dB. A transmitter
built before April 15, 1977 or first marketed before January 1, 1978 is
exempt from this requirement.
(e) The mean power of any spurious emission from a station
transmitter or external RF power amplifier transmitting on a frequency
between 30-225 MHz must be at least 60 dB below the mean power of the
fundamental. For a transmitter having a mean power of 25 W or less, the
mean power of any spurious emission supplied to the antenna transmission
line must not exceed 25 uW and must be at least 40 dB below the mean
power of the fundamental emission, but need not be reduced below the
power of 10 uW. A transmitter built before April 15, 1977 or first
marketed before January 1, 1978, is exempt from this requirement.
(f) The following standards and limitations apply to transmissions
on the frequencies specified in section 97.305(c) of this Part.
(1) No angle-modulated emission may have a modulation index
greater than 1 at the highest modulation frequency.
(2) No non-phone emission may exceed the bandwidth of a
communications quality phone emission of the same modulation type. The
total bandwidth of an independent sideband emission (having B as the
first symbol), or a multiplexed image and phone emission, shall not
exceed that of a communications quality A3E emission.
(3) Only a RTTY and data emission using a specified digital
code listed in section 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The
symbol rate must not exceed 300 bauds, or for frequency-shift keying,
the frequency shift between mark and space must not exceed 1 kHz.
(4) Only a RTTY and data emission using a specified digital
code listed in section 97.309(a) of this Part may be transmitted. The
symbol rate must not exceed 1200 bauds, or for frequency-shift keying,
the frequency shift between mark and space must not exceed 1 kHz.
(5) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified
digital code listed in section 97.309(a) of this Part may be
transmitted. The symbol rate must not exceed 19.6 kilobauds, or for
frequency-shift keying, the frequency shift between mark and space must
not exceed 1 kHz. A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using an
unspecified digital code under the limitations listed in section
97.309(b) of this Part also may be transmitted. The authorized
bandwidth is 20 kHz.
(6) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified
digital code listed in section 97.309(a) of this Part may be
transmitted. The symbol rate must not exceed 56 kilobauds, or for
frequency-shift keying, the frequency shift between mark and space must
not exceed 1 kHz. A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using an
unspecified digital code under the limitations listed in section
97.309(b) of this Part also may be transmitted. The authorized
bandwidth is 100 kHz.
(7) A RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified
digital code listed in section 97.309(a) of this Part or an unspecified
digital code under the limitations listed in section 97.309(b) of this
Part may be transmitted.
(8) A RTTY or data emission having designators with A, B, C,
D, E, F, G, H, J or R as the first symbol; 1, 2, 7 or 9 as the second
symbol; and D or W as the third symbol is also authorized.
(9) A station having a control operator holding a Novice or
Technician operator license may only transmit a CW emission using the
international Morse code.
(10) A station having a control operator holding a Novice or
Technician operator license may only transmit a CW emission using the
international Morse code or phone emissions J3E and R3E.
(11) Phone and image emissions may be transmitted only by
stations located in ITU Regions 1 and 3, and by stations located within
ITU Region 2 that are west of 130 degrees West longitude or south of 20
degrees North latitude.
(12) Emission F8E may be transmitted.
97.309 RTTY and digital emission codes.
(a) Where authorized by Sections 97.305(c) and 97.307(f) of this
Part, an amateur may transmit a RTTY or data emission using the
following specified digital codes:
(1) The 5-unit, start-stop, International Telegraph Alphabet
No. 2, code defined in International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee Recommendation F.1, Division C, and extensions
as provided for in CCITT Recommendation T.61 (Malaga-Torremolinos,
1984).
(2) The 7-unit code specified in International Radio
Consultative Committee Recommendation CCIR 476-1 (1978) 476-3 (1982),
476-4 (1986) or 625 (1986).
(3) The 7-unit code defined in American National Standards
Institute X3.4-1977 or International Alphabet No. 5 as defined in
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
Recommendation T.50 or in International Organization for
Standardization, International Standard ISO 646 (1983).
(b) Where authorized by Sections 97.305(c) and 97.307(f) of this
Part, a station may transmit a RTTY or data emission using an
unspecified digital code, except to a station in a country with which
the United States does not have an agreement permitting the code to be
used. RTTY and data emissions using unspecified digital codes must not
be transmitted for the purpose of obscuring the meaning of any
communication. When deemed necessary by an EIC to assure compliance
with the FCC Rules, a station must:
(1) Cease the transmission using the unspecified digital code;
(2) Restrict the transmission of any digital code to the
extent instructed;
(3) Maintain a record, convertible to the original
information, of all coded communications transmitted.
97.311 SS emission types.
(a) SS emission transmissions by an amateur station are authorized
only for communications between points within areas where the amateur
service is regulated by the FCC. SS emission transmissions must not be
used for the purpose of obscuring the meaning of any communication.
(b) Stations transmitting SS emission must not cause harmful
interference to stations employing other authorized emissions, and must
accept all interference caused by stations employing other authorized
emissions. (For the purposes of this paragraph, unintended triggering
of carrier operated repeaters is not considered to be harmful
interference.)
(c) Only the following types of SS emission transmissions are
authorized (hybrid SS emission transmissions involving both spreading
techniques are prohibited):
(1) Frequency hopping where the carrier of the transmitted
signal is modulated with unciphered information and changes frequency
at fixed intervals under the direction of a high speed code sequence.
(2) Direct sequence where the information is modulo-2 added
to a high speed code sequence. The combined information and code are
then used to modulate the RF carrier. The high speed code sequence
dominates the modulation function, and is the direct cause of the wide
spreading of the transmitted signal.
(d) The only spreading sequences that are authorized must be from
the output of one binary linear feedback shift register (which may be
implemented in hardware or software).
(1) Only the following sets of connections may be used:
Number of stages Taps used
in shift register in feedback
7 7, 1.
13 13, 4, 3, and 1.
19 19, 5, 2, and 1.
(2) The shift register must not be reset other than by its
feedback during an individual transmission. The shift register output
sequence must be used without alteration.
(3) The output of the last stage of the binary linear feedback
shift register must be used as follows:
(i) For frequency hopping transmissions using x
frequencies, n consecutive bits from the shift register must be used to
select the next frequency from a list of frequencies sorted in ascending
order. Each consecutive frequency must be selected by a consecutive
block of n bits. (Where n is the smallest integer greater than log2(x).
(ii) For direct sequence transmissions using m-ary
modulation, consecutive blocks of log2 m bits from the shift register
must be used to select the transmitted signal during each interval.
(e) The station records must document all SS emission transmissions
and must be retained for a period of 1 year following the last entry.
The station records must include sufficient information to enable the
FCC, using the information contained therein, to demodulate all
transmissions. The station records must contain at least the following:
(1) A technical description of the transmitted signal;
(2) Pertinent parameters describing the transmitted signal
including the frequency or frequencies of operation and, where
applicable, the chip rate, the code rate, the spreading function, the
transmission protocol(s) including the method of achieving
synchronization, and the modulation type;
(3) A general description of the type of information being
conveyed (voice, text, memory dump, facsimile, television, etc.);
(4) The method and, if applicable, the frequency or
frequencies used for station identification;
(5) The date of beginning and the date of ending use of each
type of transmitted signal.
(f) When deemed necessary by an EIC to assure compliance with the
rules of this part, a station licensee must:
(1) Cease SS emission transmissions;
(2) Restrict SS emission transmissions to the extent
instructed;
(3) Maintain a record, convertible to the original information
(voice, text, image, etc.) of all spread spectrum communications
transmitted.
(g) The transmitter power must not exceed 100 W.
97.313 Transmitter power standards.
(a) An amateur station must use the minimum transmitter power
necessary to carry out the desired communications.
(b) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 1.5
kW PEP. Until June 2, 1990, a station transmitting emission A3E is
exempt from this requirement provided the power input (both RF and
direct current) to the final amplifying stage supplying RF power to the
antenna feed line does not exceed 1 kW, exclusive of power for heating
the cathodes of vacuum tubes.
(c) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 200
W PEP on:
(1) The 3.70-3.75 MHz, 7.10-7.15 MHz, 10.10-10.15 MHz and
21.1-21.2 MHz segments;
(2) The 28.1-28.5 MHz segment when the control operator is a
Novice or Technician operator; or
(3) The 7.050-7.075 MHz segment when the station is within ITU
Regions 1 or 3.
(d) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 25
W PEP on the VHF 1.25 m band when the control operator is a Novice
operator.
(e) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 5
W PEP on the UHF 23 cm band when the control operator is a Novice
operator.
(f) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 50
watts PEP on the UHF 70 cm band from an area specified in footnote US7
to Section 2.106 of the FCC Rules, unless expressly authorized by the
FCC after mutual agreement, on a case-by-case basis, between the EIC of
the applicable field facility and the military area frequency
coordinator at the applicable military base. An Earth station or
telecommand station, however, may transmit on the 435-438 MHz segment
with a maximum of 611 W effective radiated power (1 kW equivalent
isotropically radiated power) without the authorization otherwise
required. The transmitting antenna elevation angle between the lower
half-power (-3 dB relative to the peak or antenna bore sight) point and
the horizon must always be greater than 10 degrees.
(g) No station may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 50
watts PEP on the 33 cm band from within 241 km of the boundaries of the
White Sands Missile Range. Its boundaries are those portions of Texas
and New Mexico bounded on the south by latitude 31 degrees 41 minutes
North, on the east by longitude 104 degrees 11 minutes West, on the
north by latitude 34 degrees 30 minutes North, and on the west by
longitude 107 degrees 30 minutes West.
97.315 Type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.
(a) No more than 1 unit of 1 model of an external RF power
amplifier capable of operation below 144 MHz may be constructed or
modified during any calendar year by an amateur operator for use at a
station without a grant of type acceptance. No amplifier capable of
operation below 144 MHz may be constructed or modified by a non-amateur
operator without a grant of type acceptance from the FCC.
(b) Any external RF power amplifier or external RF power amplifier
kit (see section 2.815 of the FCC Rules), manufactured, imported or
modified for use in a station or attached at any station must be type
accepted for use in the amateur service in accordance with Subpart J of
Part 2 of the FCC rules. This requirement does not apply if one or more
of the following conditions are met:
(1) The amplifier is not capable of operation on frequencies
below 144 MHz. For the purpose of this part, an amplifier will be
deemed to be incapable of operation below 144 MHz if it is not capable
of being easily modified to increase its amplification characteristics
below 120 MHz and either:
(i) The mean output power of the amplifier decreases, as
frequency decreases from 144 MHz, to a point where 0 dB or less gain is
exhibited at 120 MHz; or
(ii) The amplifier is not capable of amplifying signals
below 120 MHz even for brief periods without sustaining permanent damage
to its amplification circuitry.
(2) The amplifier was originally purchased before April 28,
1978, and has been issued a marketing waiver by the FCC, or the
amplifier was purchased before April 28, 1978, by an amateur operator
for use at that amateur operator's station.
(3) The amplifier was:
(i) Constructed by the licensee, not from an external RF
power amplifier kit, for use at the licensee's amateur station; or
(ii) Modified by the licensee for use at the licensee's
amateur station.
(4) The amplifier is sold by an amateur radio operator to
another amateur radio operator or to a dealer.
(5) The amplifier is purchased in used condition by an
equipment dealer from an amateur radio operator and the amplifier is
further sold to another amateur radio operator for use at that
operator's amateur station.
(c) A list of type accepted equipment may be inspected at FCC
headquarters in Washington, DC or at any FCC field location. Any
external RF power amplifier appearing on this list as type accepted for
use in the amateur service may be marketed for use in the amateur
service.
97.317 Standards for type acceptance of external RF power amplifiers.
(a) To receive a grant of type acceptance, the amplifier must
satisfy the spurious emission limitations of section 97.401(d) or (e)
of this Part, as applicable, when the amplifier is:
(1) Operated at its full output power;
(2) Placed in the "standby" or "off" positions, but still
connected to the transmitter; and
(3) Driven with at least 50 W mean RF input power (unless
higher drive level is specified).
(b) To receive a grant of type acceptance, the amplifier must not
be capable of operation on any frequency or frequencies between 24 MHz
and 35 MHz. The amplifier will be deemed incapable of such operation
if it:
(1) Exhibits no more than 6 dB gain between 24 MHz and 26 MHz
and between 28 MHz and 35 MHz. (This gain will be determined by the
ratio of the input RF driving signal (mean power measurement) to the
mean RF output power of the amplifier); and
(2) Exhibits no amplification (0 dB gain) between 26 MHz and
28 MHz.
(c) Type acceptance may be denied when denial would prevent the
use of these amplifiers in services other than the amateur service. The
following features will result in dismissal or denial of an application
for the type acceptance:
(1) Any accessible wiring which, when altered, would permit
operation of the amplifier in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
(2) Circuit boards or similar circuitry to facilitate the
addition of components to change the amplifier's operating
characteristics in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
(3) Instructions for operation or modification of the
amplifier in a manner contrary to the FCC Rules;
(4) Any internal or external controls or adjustments to
facilitate operation of the amplifier in a manner contrary to the FCC
Rules;
(5) Any internal RF sensing circuitry or any external switch,
the purpose of which is to place the amplifier in the transmit mode;
(6) The incorporation of more gain in the amplifier than is
necessary to operate in the amateur service; for purposes of this
paragraph, the amplifier must:
(i) Not be capable of achieving designed output power
when driven with less than 40 W mean RF input power;
(ii) Not be capable of amplifying the input RF driving
signal by more than 15 dB, unless the amplifier has a designed
transmitter power of less than 1.5 kW (in such a case, gain must be
reduced by the same number of dB as the transmitter power relationship
to 1.5 kW; this gain limitation is determined by the ratio of the input
RF driving signal to the RF output power of the amplifier where both
signals are expressed in peak envelope power or mean power);
(iii) Not exhibit more gain than permitted by paragraph
(c)(6)(ii) of this Section when driven by an RF input signal of less
than 50 W mean power; and
(iv) Be capable of sustained operation at its designed
power level.
(7) Any attenuation in the input of the amplifier which, when
removed or modified, would permit the amplifier to function at its
designed transmitter power when driven by an RF frequency input signal
of less than 50 W mean power; or
(8) Any other features designed to facilitate operation in a
telecommunication service other than the Amateur Radio Services, such
as the Citizens Band (CB) Radio Service.